Vending Machines in Japan
Vending machines are a prominent and beloved feature of Japan’s landscape. With over 5.5 million machines installed nationwide, Japan boasts the highest density of vending machines per capita, with roughly one machine for every 23 people.
When it all began
The first vending machine was invented by Tawaraya Koshiki in 1888 in Bakan (now Shimonoseki), Yamaguchi Prefecture. This machine, which was a patent for an “automatic goods vending machine,” was initially designed to dispense tobacco using a mechanism for traditional Japanese wind-up dolls (karakuri). Vending machines became increasingly popular in Japan during the 1950s and have since evolved into a ubiquitous part of Japanese life.
Early vending machines from the early 1900s included ones that dispensed stamps, postcards, and even sake. By the 1920s, machines dispensing confectionery were common, and juice vending machines gained popularity in the late 1950s and 1960s. By the year 2000, Japan had approximately 5.6 million vending machines. However, from the early 2000s onward, the number slightly decreased to around 5.03 million, partly due to advances in digital technology and increased market competition. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in vintage vending machines, such as those showcased at the Sagamihara Vending Machine Park.
Japan’s high concentration of vending machines compared to other countries can be attributed to its low rates of petty crime and vandalism. The convenience, low operational costs, and security offered by these machines make them an attractive investment. Vending machines provide a practical and economical way to purchase a wide range of items, reducing the need for live staff. Most machines accept 100-yen coins, reflecting Japan’s fascination with mechanical devices that perform tasks for people.
Reasons for vending machines in Japan
High population density and expensive real estate – Due to the high population density and costly real estate in Japan, individuals have limited space for storing consumer goods. As a result, businesses often opt to install vending machines on streets rather than open traditional retail stores.
High labor costs – Japan’s shrinking birthrate, aging population, and limited immigration have led to a labor shortage, making labor both scarce and expensive, according to William A. McEachern, an economics professor at the University of Connecticut. This has driven Japanese retailers to enthusiastically adopt vending machines as a cost-effective solution.
Low crime rates – Street-side vending machines are commonplace in Japan, supported by the country’s low crime rates. Many machines are equipped with cameras and can alert authorities in case of tampering, as reported by The Japan Times.
Cash-based society – Japanese culture places a strong emphasis on cash transactions, which aligns with the widespread use of vending machines.
Fascination with automation – Japan’s cultural fascination with automation and robotics further fuels the popularity of vending machines.
